TOPIC 4.5
Maritime Empires
Maintained and Developed
Part 1
THEMATIC FOCUS
Governance (GOV)
A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.
Learning Objective H
Explain how rulers employed economic strategies to consolidate and maintain power throughout the period from 1450 to 1750.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
KC1
Mercantilist policies and practices were used by European rulers to expand and control their economies and claim overseas territories. Joint-stock companies, influenced by these mercantilist principles, were used by rulers and merchants to finance exploration and were used by rulers to compete against one another in global trade.
KC2
Economic disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states. st policies and practices were used by European rulers to expand and control their economies and claim overseas territories. Joint-stock companies, influenced by these mercantilist principles, were used by rulers and merchants to finance exploration and were used by rulers to compete against one another in global trade.
KC2
Economic disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states.
Part 2
Economics Systems (ECN)
As societies develop, they affect and are affected by the ways that they produce, exchange, and consume goods and services.
Learning Objective I
Explain the continuities and changes in networks of exchange from 1450 to 1750.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
KC1
The Atlantic trading system involved the movement of goods, wealth, and labor, including enslaved persons.
KC2
The new global circulation of goods was facilitated by chartered European monopoly companies and the global flow of silver, especially from Spanish colonies in the Americas, which was used to purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic markets and satisfy Chinese demand for silver. Regional markets continued to flourish in Afro-Eurasia by using established commercial practices and new transoceanic and regional shipping services developed by European merchants.
KC3
Peasant and artisan labor continued and intensified in many regions as the demand for food and consumer goods increased.
Part 3
Social Interactions and Organization (SIO)
The process by which societies group their members and the norms that govern the interactions between these groups and between individuals influence political, economic, and cultural institutions and organization
Learning Objective J
Explain how political, economic, and cultural factors affected society from 1450 to 1750.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
KC1
Some notable gender and family restructuring occurred, including demographic changes in Africa that resulted from the trade of enslaved persons.
KC2
The Atlantic trading system involved the movement of labor—including enslaved persons and the mixing of African, American, and European cultures and peoples, with all parties contributing to this cultural synthesis.
Part 4
Cultural Developments and Interactions (CDI)
The development of ideas, beliefs, and religions illustrates how groups in society view themselves, and the interactions of societies and their beliefs often have political, social, and cultural implications.
Learning Objective K
Explain the similarities and differences in how various belief systems affected societies from 1450 to 1750.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
KC1
In some cases, the increase and intensification of interactions between newly connected hemispheres expanded the reach and furthered development of existing religions, and contributed to religious conflicts and the development of syncretic belief systems and practices.
THEMATIC FOCUS
Governance (GOV)
A variety of internal and external factors contribute to state formation, expansion, and decline. Governments maintain order through a variety of administrative institutions, policies, and procedures, and governments obtain, retain, and exercise power in different ways and for different purposes.
Learning Objective H
Explain how rulers employed economic strategies to consolidate and maintain power throughout the period from 1450 to 1750.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
KC1
Mercantilist policies and practices were used by European rulers to expand and control their economies and claim overseas territories. Joint-stock companies, influenced by these mercantilist principles, were used by rulers and merchants to finance exploration and were used by rulers to compete against one another in global trade.
KC2
Economic disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states. st policies and practices were used by European rulers to expand and control their economies and claim overseas territories. Joint-stock companies, influenced by these mercantilist principles, were used by rulers and merchants to finance exploration and were used by rulers to compete against one another in global trade.
KC2
Economic disputes led to rivalries and conflict between states.
Part 2
Economics Systems (ECN)
As societies develop, they affect and are affected by the ways that they produce, exchange, and consume goods and services.
Learning Objective I
Explain the continuities and changes in networks of exchange from 1450 to 1750.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
KC1
The Atlantic trading system involved the movement of goods, wealth, and labor, including enslaved persons.
KC2
The new global circulation of goods was facilitated by chartered European monopoly companies and the global flow of silver, especially from Spanish colonies in the Americas, which was used to purchase Asian goods for the Atlantic markets and satisfy Chinese demand for silver. Regional markets continued to flourish in Afro-Eurasia by using established commercial practices and new transoceanic and regional shipping services developed by European merchants.
KC3
Peasant and artisan labor continued and intensified in many regions as the demand for food and consumer goods increased.
Part 3
Social Interactions and Organization (SIO)
The process by which societies group their members and the norms that govern the interactions between these groups and between individuals influence political, economic, and cultural institutions and organization
Learning Objective J
Explain how political, economic, and cultural factors affected society from 1450 to 1750.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
KC1
Some notable gender and family restructuring occurred, including demographic changes in Africa that resulted from the trade of enslaved persons.
KC2
The Atlantic trading system involved the movement of labor—including enslaved persons and the mixing of African, American, and European cultures and peoples, with all parties contributing to this cultural synthesis.
Part 4
Cultural Developments and Interactions (CDI)
The development of ideas, beliefs, and religions illustrates how groups in society view themselves, and the interactions of societies and their beliefs often have political, social, and cultural implications.
Learning Objective K
Explain the similarities and differences in how various belief systems affected societies from 1450 to 1750.
HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENTS
KC1
In some cases, the increase and intensification of interactions between newly connected hemispheres expanded the reach and furthered development of existing religions, and contributed to religious conflicts and the development of syncretic belief systems and practices.